Once the peg penetrates the soil, the growth of the peg and that of the pod is influenced more by soil temperature than by air temperature. Maximum yield and quality will be produced when the geocarposphere temperature is between 21 and 29° C during pod addition and pod maturation periods. A 6 to 9° C increase in canopy temperature above 28° C and a 3 to 4° C increase in podding zone temperature above 23° C during the reproductive period results in adverse effects on pegging and pod formation. Pod production may also be reduced in circumstances where vigorous vegetative growth competes with reproductive organs for assimilates.
Increased vegetative growth also involves greater stem elongation, which prevents the pegs from reaching the soil surface. Yield per unit area is reduced due to a decrease in the duration of the pod filling period under high soil temperature conditions. Combinations of high air and soil temperatures are especially detrimental to pod yields. Both high day and night temperatures result in reduced partitioning of biomass to yield in groundnut. Hot soil temperatures above 33° C significantly reduce pod dry weight and yield. Pod development is most seriously affected by the soil environment in the podding zone.
When, in an experiment, the podding zone
was submitted to hot soil temperatures of 37° to 39° C at successive 10 day
intervals after peg penetration, it was shown that pod development was
suppressed by the treatments given during the first 30 days, with greatest
reductions occurring between 20 and 30 days after peg penetration. OZSTAR has the best roasters of various capacities to give you the perfectly roasted peanuts! We also provide additional equipment for flavouring and
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The optimum soil temperature for pod yields was in the range of 30° to 33° C. Soil temperature has a marked effect on reproductive growth and development of groundnuts, and day/night soil temperatures of 38/32° C compared with 26/20° C or 32/26° C, significantly reduce pod yields. This reduction was primarily due to soil temperature effects on the processes of pod initiation rate, pod growth rate, and 100% mature seed weight.
In addition to seed yield,
elevated temperatures during seed production can as well decrease the seed
composition, decrease the subsequent percent emergence, and seedling vigor of
the seeds and seedling dry matter production. Effect on nodulation and
nitrogen fixation - Groundnut production in most agricultural systems is
heavily dependent on symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Heat and moisture stress
interfere with any or all of the processes of root infection, nodule
development or nitrogen fixation per se.
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